人工影响天气用碘化银催化剂对区域环境影响的研究进展     

段婧  楼小凤  汪会  郭学良  李集明 《气象》2020,46(2):257-268

中国自1958年以来开展人工影响天气作业。碘化银作为主要的催化剂,是否会对环境造成影响备受关注。分析了国内外使用碘化银开展人工增雨雪和人工防雹外场试验作业后降水、土壤和湖泊等的Ag+含量,尽管催化后Ag+含量会有不同程度的增加,尤其是地面燃烧炉催化和人工防雹作业,但降水和水库中的Ag+含量远低于饮用水标准。统计了我国外场人工影响天气作业的碘化银用量,结合降水和水库中Ag+浓度观测,认为我国人工影响天气使用的碘化银不会对水资源和环境造成影响。  相似文献   

2017年6月10日南京机场强降水过程对航空飞行影响分析     

聂颖  佘星源  张军  陈宝君 《气象科学》2020,40(4):554-559

降水对飞行的影响一直是航空气象关注的重点。本文选取2017年6月10日02：30—18：00的一次强降水过程的雨滴谱观测数据,分析了强降水时段雨强与能见度之间的相关关系发现,雨强与能见度呈明显的负相关关系。通过计算平均雨滴谱的各种特征参量,各种粒子对雨强的贡献情况,在雨强较小的区间主要为小粒子,而雨强越大,大粒子的贡献逐渐显现,在最大雨强的区间,出现了三峰形态,3种直径粒子的高浓度对强降水不同阶段的贡献各不相同,对航班飞行的影响也存在差异。使用雨滴参数计算了雨滴对飞机撞击力,分析各类飞机在强降水环境下的飞行受力均达到了10%的动力状况;受力方面各机型在低值区接近一致,有大型机在高值区迅速增加的情况;同样的雨强,小型机受到的力要远小于大型机;各机性在水平方向上的受力情况均较垂直方向大一个量级。  相似文献   

河南3次重污染天气过程的气象条件诊断及传输影响分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯丽莎  宋攀  田力  谷秀杰  张轩宇  韩艳 《气象与环境科学》2020,43(1):104-113

利用空气质量监测数据、气象常规观测资料、L波段雷达探空资料、EC-Intrim再分析资料和NCEP全球资料同化系统提供的再分析资料,以及HYSPLIT模式模拟结果,分析了2016年12月至2017年1月间发生在河南的3次重污染天气过程的影响范围、气象条件和传输影响等。结果表明,3次过程河南地区均呈现出500 hPa等高线平直、9251000 hPa风垂直切变小和海平面气压场均压等特征。在近地面,3次过程在污染开始和加强时段均有小风和低湿特征,过程临近结束时有大风或增湿出现。前两次污染过程为干霾过程,均因加强的偏西风而结束,但是在结束阶段,相较于第1次过程的西南风,第2次过程的西北风能更快速有效地清除污染物;第3次过程为湿霾(雾、霾混合)过程,因偏东风而结束,但由于偏东风风力较小,对污染物彻底清除能力有限,过程结束后很快出现反复。郑州近地面存在明显逆温和“上干下湿”的层结特征,这种“干暖盖”严重阻碍着空气的对流运动,使近地层的污染物垂直扩散能力变弱,从而导致污染加重。HYSPLIT后向轨迹传输影响显示,第1次过程主要以省外西北路输送为主,后两次过程主要以本省和本地累积为主。  相似文献   

潍坊市土地整治规划环境影响评价          下载免费PDF全文

唐伟  孟艳丽  白杨  丁喜莲 《山东国土资源》2014,30(8)

从选取评价土地整治规划环境影响评价指标体系的原则入手,构建了2大方面、6大因素共计17项具体指标量化环境影响,通过综合分值来确定土地整治规划的实施对环境的具体影响,为整治规划的实施以及环境的保护提供参考。  相似文献   

济南新火车东站及轨道交通建设对济南白泉泉群的影响分析          下载免费PDF全文

王燕 《山东国土资源》2014,30(8)

近年来,随着经济的快速发展和城市的大规模建设,济南市的泉水保护与经济建设产生了一些矛盾。根据规划,济南市拟在白泉泉域的周边建设济南新火车东站、地下轨道交通等项目,项目建设将会对白泉泉群的喷涌产生影响,根据野外实际调查成果,从白泉泉群的补、径、排角度分析了项目建设对泉群产生的影响,提出在保护泉群的前提下进行新火车站及轨道交通建设的合理化建议。  相似文献   

霾观测判识标准定量化对雾霾观测记录的影响     

杨志彪  陈冬冬  徐向明 《气象科技》2014,42(2):198-203

为研究霾观测判识标准定量化对雾霾观测记录的影响,选取2006—2012年湖北省18个基准站、基本站和一般站三类国家级地面气象观测站的资料,对已记录和按照相对湿度判识标准统计的雾、轻雾和霾天数进行分析,结果表明:判识标准定量化将使霾的观测记录明显增多,轻雾和雾观测记录略有减少,霾和轻雾观测记录将更趋合理,就湖北省而言,相对湿度在80%~95%之间,应以轻雾和雾为主;通过定时观测时次的能见度、相对湿度,以及日天气现象记录,可以得到历年按照相对湿度判识标准统计的霾和轻雾天数,实现对历史资料序列的订正,形成判识标准改变前后均一化的月年资料序列。判识标准定量化后,不能机械的硬套判识指标,观测员仍需熟练掌握轻雾和霾以及其他视程障碍现象的成因和特征,避免相对湿度在霾观测判识标准上下波动、轻雾处于消散过程阶段,轻雾与霾的频繁转记。  相似文献   

Are assemblages of the fireworm Hermodice carunculata enhanced in sediments beneath offshore fish cages?     

Rodrigo Rier  Oscar P&#;rez  Myriam Rodr&#;guez  Eva Ramos  &#;scar Monterroso 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(4):108-111

Abundances of the fireworm Hermodice carunculata were counted through a monitoring assessment study of fish cages in Barranco Hondo（NE Tenerife）. Seven campaigns were conducted from November 2007 to June 2010 and temporal variations were found, as well as differences among sampling stations. The polychaete H. carunculata obtained its highest abundance in sediments beneath fish cages throughout the study period. Thus, the assemblages of this omnivorous species were favoured by the presence of fish cages.  相似文献   

海冰对北极海冰边缘区大洋光学观测的影响评估   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

LI Tao  ZHAO Jinping 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(12):24-31

Diffuse attenuation coefficient(DAC) of sea water is an important parameter in ocean thermodynamics and biology, reflecting the absorption capability of sea water in different layers. In the Arctic Ocean, however, sea ice affects the radiance/irradiance measurements of upper ocean, which results in obvious errors in the DAC calculation. To better understand the impacts of sea ice on the ocean optics observations, a series of in situ experiments were carried out in the summer of 2009 in the southern Beaufort Sea. Observational results show that the profiles of spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients of seawater near ice cover within upper surface of 50 m were not contaminated by the sea ice with a solar zenith angle of 55°, relative azimuth angle of 110°≤φ≤115° and horizontal distance between the sensors and ice edge of greater than 25 m. Based on geometric optics theory, the impact of ice cover could be avoided by adjusting the relative solar azimuth angle in a particular distance between the instrument and ice. Under an overcast sky, ice cover being 25 m away from sensors did not affect the profiles of spectral DACs within the upper 50 m either. Moreover, reliable spectral DACs of seawater could be obtained with sensors completely covered by sea ice.  相似文献   

Sustaining marine life beyond boundaries: Options for an implementing agreement for marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea     

《Marine Policy》2014

For nearly a decade, governments have been discussing the need to improve efforts to conserve and sustainably use marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). Support for a new international agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) – an Implementing Agreement – on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ has been growing. In June 2012, at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, States agreed to take a decision on the development of an international instrument under UNCLOS before the end of the 69th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), which runs from September 2014 to August 2015. In follow-up to this commitment, it was agreed to consider the “scope, parameters and feasibility” of this instrument. To inform these international discussions, this article highlights some potential options for the content of a new UNCLOS Implementing Agreement. It first reviews the history of UN discussions, and then elaborates on options to address key elements identified as priorities for States in 2011: marine genetic resources, including the sharing of benefits, area-based management tools, including marine protected areas, environmental impact assessments, capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology. It addresses cross-cutting issues such as the governing principles, institutional structure as well as on other critical points such as High Seas fishing and flag State responsibilities. The article concludes with suggestions on possible next steps in order to succeed in the negotiations for an agreement.  相似文献   

历年影响广西沿海的热带气旋及其灾害成因分析(英文)     

陈波  董德信  陈宪云  刘晖  邱绍芳 《海洋通报(英文版)》2014,(1)

登陆或经过广西沿海的热带气旋是一种严重的自然灾害,每年热带气旋所伴随的大风、大雨、风暴潮等灾害造成沿海地区严重的财产损失或人员伤亡。通过对1950~2012年影响广西沿海的热带气旋的统计分析发现,影响广西沿海的热带气旋数量年际变化明显,最多的年份达9个,最少的年份为0个;热带气旋季节分布具有明显规律性,每年的7、8、9三个月为影响高峰月,其次为6、10月;热带气旋从菲律宾以东洋面进入南海后穿过海南省和雷州半岛再次登陆广西沿海的次数最多,该类热带气旋引起的风暴增水平均值为111.2 cm,到达非登陆台风增水的2.6倍。风暴潮灾害的形成与强台风天气系统、全日大潮、河流下泄洪水直接有关。强台风产生巨浪及降雨,使入海河口水位上升,与风暴潮叠加后产生明显的增水,造成巨大的潮灾。  相似文献